Cost Variation Analysis of Branded Generics Used for Initial Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension and Dyslipidemia in India

A Pharmacoeconomic Perspective

Abstract

Background: Branded generics are off-patent medications with proprietary names which are bioequivalent to the innovator medications. Cardiovascular diseases, driven by diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are major health concerns, where patient compliance is crucial for long-term management. This analysis investigates cost variations of first-line branded generics for these conditions in Indian primary care settings. Methods: First-line medications preferred for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were identified through an online survey of prescribers. Data from 1mg.com, an Indian online pharmacy, was used to compile a list of available brands for each medication. The study compared the prices of the five most prescribed brands, the three lowest-cost and one highest-cost brand per medication, and calculated the percentage cost difference. Results: First-line medications preferred for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in India include Metformin 500mg, Enalapril 5mg, Telmisartan 40mg, Amlodipine 5 mg, and Atorvastatin 20mg. The analysis reveals significant cost disparities among commonly prescribed brands, with Metformin, Enalapril, Telmisartan, and Atorvastatin being notably more expensive (up to 1177%) than lower-cost alternatives, potentially placing a financial burden on patients. Amlodipine, however, exhibits modest cost variation (26-113%), with commonly prescribed brands leaning toward lower-cost options. Conclusion: Cost disparities among commonly prescribed brands could harm patient compliance and outcomes, emphasizing the need for cost-effective medication selection. This study offers crucial insights into cost variations in India's treatment of Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia, underscoring the importance of cost awareness for improved patient compliance and healthcare system sustainability.