Evaluating the Changes and the Trend in Cases With Acute Poisoning Admitted to the Emergency Unit in Sari, Iran
-
Aroona Chabra
,
Nasrin Pakravan
,
Amir Shadboorestan
,
Amirhossein Ahmadi
,
Farzad Bozorgi
,
Seyed Khalil Mousavi
,
Mohammad Eghbali
Abstract
Background: Poisoning and drug overdoses are considered a health problem in moderncountries. In this study, we assessed the pattern of poisoning and drug overdoses at ImamKhomeini hospital in Sari city, the northern region of Iran.Methods: To assess the pattern and circumstances of poisoning, the patients’ informationwho were referred to the emergency unit with acute toxic poisoning over four years wererandomly obtained retrospectively from their medical records.Results: A total of 1,646 patients were analyzed. The highest rate of poisonings was related tosuicidal intentions and mostly occurred at age of 18 to 35 years and in females. Medicationswere the principal groups of poisons involved (53.15%), including benzodiazepines as themost common agents (30.3%), followed by multiple medications (25.5%) and opioids (10%).Organophosphate compounds (3%), aluminum and zinc phosphide (2.7%), and rodenticide(1.7%) were also among the commonly used poisons; however, they were the main leadingcause of overdose deaths. Thirty patients (1.8%) died in total, and death was caused mostcommonly by zinc and aluminum phosphide (8 cases), followed by opioids (6 cases) androdenticide (4 cases).Conclusion: The high prevalence of intentional overdoses and mortality among young adultsrequires considerable attention, and further surveys are needed to address the fundamentalunderlying causes. More restrictive regulations and increasing public awareness regardingthe role of centers providing information about poisoning available in the region can assist toprevent the development of this public health problem.
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[DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.09.013] [PMID]
[19] Kanchan T, Menezes RG. Suicidal poisoning in Southern India: Gender differences. J Forensic Leg Med. 2008; 15(1):7-14. [DOI:10.1016/j.jflm.2007.05.006]
[20] Karbakhsh M, Salehian Zandi N. Acute opiate overdose in Tehran: The forgotten role of opium. Addict Behav. 2007; 32(9):1835-42. [DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.12.014]
BF02849959] [PMID]
[2] Desalew M, Aklilu A, Amanuel A, Addisu M, Ethiopia T. Pattern of acute adult poisoning at Tikur Anbessa specialized teaching hospital, a retrospective study, Ethiopia. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2010; 30(7):523-7. [DOI:10.1177/0960327110377520]
[3] Anthony L, Kulkarni C. Patterns of poisoning and drug overdosage and their outcome among in-patients admitted to the emergency medicine department of a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Crit Care
Med. 2012; 16(3):130-5. [DOI:10.4103/0972-5229.102070] [PMID] [PMCID]
[4] Kanchan T, Menezes RG, Mohan Kumar TS, Bakkannavar SM, Bukelo MJ, Sharma PS, et al. Toxicoepidemiology of fatal poisonings in Southern India. J Forensic Leg Med. 2010; 17(6):344-7.
[DOI:10.1016/j.jflm.2010.05.006] [PMID]
[5] Kudo K, Ishida T, Hikiji W, Usumoto Y, Umehara T, Nagamatsu K, et al. Pattern of poisoning in Japan: Selection of drugs and poisons for systematic toxicological analysis. Forensic Toxicol. 2010; 28:25-32.
[DOI:10.1007/s11419-009-0088-8]
[6] Mostafalou S, Karami-Mohajeri S, Abdollahi M. Environmental and population studies concerning exposure to pesticides in Iran: A comprehensive review. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013; 15(12):13896.
[DOI:10.5812/ircmj.13896]
[7] Ahmadi AH, Pakravan N, Ghazizadeh Z. Pattern of acute food, drug, and chemical poisoning in Sari City, Northern Iran. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2010; 29(9):731-8. [DOI:10.1177/0960327110361501]
[8] Afshari R, Majdzadeh R, Balali-Mood M. Pattern of acute poisonings in Mashhad, Iran 1993-2000. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004; 42(7):965-75. [DOI:10.1081/CLT-200042550] [PMID]
[9] Abdollahi M, Jalali N, Sabzevari O, Hoseini R, Ghanea T. A retrospective study of poisoning in Tehran. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997; 35(4):387-93. [DOI:10.3109/15563659709043371]
[10] Akhlaghi M, Arabi Z, Khadivi R. Pattern of acute poisoning in Shahrekord (Western Iran). Asian J Epidemiol. 2009; 2(1):9-12. [DOI:10.3923/aje.2009.9.12]
[11] Boshehri B, Salimi S, Ranjbar S. Mortality from acute poisoning in Urmia: A three-year retrospective study. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2012; 14(12):838-9. [DOI:10.5812/ircmj.1887] [PMID] [PMCID]
[12] Kassiri H, Feiz-Haddad MH, Ghasemi F, Rezaei M, Ghanavati F. An epidemiologic and demographic survey of poisoning in Southwest of Iran. Middle-East J Sci Res. 2012; 12(7):990-6. https://pdfs.semanticscholar. org/da6a/59958983923b305b89befa3594abcae902cb.pdf
[13] Moghadamnia AA, Abdollahi M. An epidemiological study of poisoning in Northern Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 2002; 8(1):88-94. [PMID]
[14] Sobhani AR, Shojaii-Tehrani H, Nikpour E, Noroozi-Rad N. Drug and chemical poisoning in Northern Iran. Arch Iran Med. 2000; 3(2):88-91. https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=29535
[15] Ashkani H, Moini SA, Tohidi M. [A study of suicidal attempts by drugs and poisonous substances in emergency rooms and intensive care units of hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical
Sciences (Persian)]. J Med Res. 2002; 1(1):48-54. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=46118
[16] Zhang X, Li HS, Zhu QH, Zhou J, Zhang Sh, Zhang L, et al. Trends in suicide by poisoning in China 2000-2006: Age, gender, method, and geography. Biomed Environ Sci. 2008; 21(3):253-6. [DOI:10.1016/
S0895-3988(08)60038-0]
[17] Soltaninejad K, Faryadi M, Sardari F. Acute pesticide poisoning related deaths in Tehran during the period 2003-2004. J Forensic Leg Med. 2007; 14(6):352-4. [DOI:10.1016/j.jflm.2006.12.011] [PMID]
[18] Liu Q, Zhou L, Zheng N, Zhuo L, Liu Y, Liu L. Poisoning deaths in China: Type and prevalence detected at the Tongji Forensic Medical Center in Hubei. Forensic Sci Int. 2009; 193(1-3):88-94.
[DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.09.013] [PMID]
[19] Kanchan T, Menezes RG. Suicidal poisoning in Southern India: Gender differences. J Forensic Leg Med. 2008; 15(1):7-14. [DOI:10.1016/j.jflm.2007.05.006]
[20] Karbakhsh M, Salehian Zandi N. Acute opiate overdose in Tehran: The forgotten role of opium. Addict Behav. 2007; 32(9):1835-42. [DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.12.014]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 4 No 3/4 (2018) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Poisoning Drug overdose Emergency Suicide | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Chabra A, Pakravan N, Shadboorestan A, Ahmadi A, Bozorgi F, Mousavi SK, Eghbali M. Evaluating the Changes and the Trend in Cases With Acute Poisoning Admitted to the Emergency Unit in Sari, Iran. JPPM. 2018;4(3/4):58-64.
